When a client wants to communicate with a particular domain, it initiates three types of requests: DNS, HTTP, and TLS. The DNS request is sent to resolve the domain name to an IP address. Then, an HTTP request is made to establish a connection with the front domain acting as a proxy server. Finally, a TLS connection is established to secure the communication between the client and the destination domain.
The purpose of domain fronting is to bypass restrictions and censorship imposed by governments or organizations. By making the network traffic appear as if it is directed toward legitimate domain, domain-fronting enables covert communication through domain-fronted HTTPS requests.
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